What are growth plate chondrocytes?

Growth plate chondrocytes play central roles in the proper development and growth of endochondral bones. These chondrocytes also possess the ability to differentiate into a multitude of cell types including osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells during skeletal development.

At what age should growth plate disappear by?

When Do Growth Plates Close? Growth plates usually close near the end of puberty. For girls, this usually is when they’re 13–15; for boys, it’s when they’re 15–17.

What is the cartilage growth plate?

Growth plates are the areas of active, new bone growth near the ends of bones. They’re made up of cartilage, a rubbery, flexible material (the nose, for instance, is made of cartilage). When kids are done growing, the growth plates harden into solid bone.

Can growth plates be regenerated?

“Currently there’s no clinical treatment that can regenerate growth plate tissue.” Then they die and calcify, to be broken down by osteoblasts and, finally, replaced by mineralized bone tissue. This process continues through skeletal maturity, when the plates fuse.

Can you delay growth plate fusion?

In specific disorders, timing of epiphyseal fusion is advanced or delayed; for example, in patients with estrogen deficiency it is delayed and in patients with precocious puberty it is advanced [2].

What happens if growth plate is damaged?

If a fracture goes through a growth plate, it can result in a shorter or crooked limb. A growth plate fracture affects the layer of growing tissue near the ends of a child’s bones. Growth plates are the softest and weakest sections of the skeleton — sometimes even weaker than surrounding ligaments and tendons.

What is growth plate surgery?

Open corrective surgery is usually performed using general anesthesia. After making an incision over the growth plate, a surgeon removes the part of the growth plate that has started to harden into bone. This allows the rest of the growth plate to grow around that area.

Can growth plates still be open at 20?

Although most adults won’t grow taller after age 18 to 20, there are exceptions to this rule. First, the closure of the growth plates may be delayed in some individuals (36, 37). If the growth plates remain open past age 18 to 20, which is uncommon, height could continue to increase.

Is there a way to stop your growth plates from closing?

It is suggested that treatment with aromatase inhibitors, alone or in combination with rh-GH, may also be useful in children with constitutional short stature in order to delay epiphyseal closure and improve the final height.

What is photomorphogenesis in plants?

Photomorphogenesis is often defined as light-regulated plant development (Figure 1), but there are also changes in morphology and/or cell structure and function, which occur as transient acclimatizations to a changing environment, which are also light regulated.

How do you study photomorphogenesis?

The photomorphogenesis of plants is often studied by using tightly frequency-controlled light sources to grow the plants. There are at least three stages of plant development where photomorphogenesis occurs: seed germination, seedling development, and the switch from the vegetative to the flowering stage (photoperiodism).

Are there blue light photoreceptors that are not part of photomorphogenesis?

There are blue light photoreceptors that are not a part of photomorphogenesis. For example, phototropin is the blue light photoreceptor that controls phototropism . Plants show various responses to UV light. UVR8 has been shown to be a UV-B receptor.

What is the pathophysiology of cryptochromes in photomorphogenesis?

Photomorphogenesis occurs after seed germination when, upon exposure to light, the seedlings undergo de-etiolation. Cryptochromes participate in many aspects of blue light-stimulated photomorphogenesis (or de-etiolation) (Fig. 7.1 ), such as hypocotyl elongation arrest, anthocyanin accumulation, cotyledon expansion, and chloroplast development.