What are viroids disease?

Viroid Diseases The diseases that are caused by viroids in plants are citrus exocortis, cucumber pale fruit, chrysanthemum stunt, etc. These infections spread due to many reasons. Some infections spread due to the propagation of seeds in plants by cutting, tubers etc.

What are examples of viroids?

Potato spindle tuber viroid
Avsunviroidae
Viroid/Representative species

How do you get rid of viroids?

Current effective control methods for viroid diseases include detection and eradication, and cultural controls. In addition, heat or cold therapy combined with meristem tip culture has been shown to be effective for elimination of viroids for some viroid–host combinations.

What can be infected by viroids?

Viroids are infectious agents that consist only of naked RNA without any protective layer such as a protein coat. Viroids infect plants (but no other forms of life) and are replicated at the expense of the host cell. Viroid genomes are small single-stranded circles of RNA that are only 250–400 bases long.

How are Viroids transmitted?

Viroids are often transmitted through vegetative propagation of plants, but can also be transmitted during agricultural or horticultural practices in which contaminated instruments are used. Some viroids can be transmitted through seeds and at least one viroid is transmitted by an aphid.

What is the difference between a virus and a viroid?

Viruses (Virus particles or virions) are usually units consisting of nucleic acids and coat proteins called capsids. Viroids consist only of RNA, i.e. they contain no protein at all.

What is difference between virus and viroids?

The main difference between virus and viroids is that a virus is a small infectious agent, which can only replicate inside living cells whereas viroids are the smallest form of infectious agents, which only infect plants.

Why is a viroid not a virus?

Viroids are plant pathogens: small, single-stranded, circular RNA particles that are much simpler than a virus. They do not have a capsid or outer envelope, but like viruses can reproduce only within a host cell. Viroids do not, however, manufacture any proteins, and they only produce a single, specific RNA molecule.

How do you detect viroids?

As stated earlier, viroids can be detected by biological indexing (bioassay) of the suspect plant materials on a range of indicator hosts. Indicator hosts express diagnostic symptoms when infected by specific pathogens (Fig. 3).

Can Elisa detect viroids?

Thus the six viroids can be detected and differentiated in a multiplex RT-PCR-ELISA assay. In the multiplex assay, cDNAs of six viroids were synthesized simultaneously in one tube, DIG-labelled during amplification, then a portion of the DIG-labelled amplified products was hybridized with selected capture probe.

How do you detect Viroids?

Which of the following is wrong for Viroids?

They are smaller than viruses. They cause infections. Their RNA is of high molecular weight. They lack a protein coat.