What disorder is associated with thiamine deficiency?

Thiamin deficiency (causing beriberi) is most common among people subsisting on white rice or highly refined carbohydrates in developing countries and among alcoholics. Symptoms include diffuse polyneuropathy, high-output heart failure, and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

What risk is most likely to occur in alcoholics thiamine deficiency?

It is well known that chronic alcoholics are at high risk for being deficient in vitamin B1 (thiamine), which is known to put the patient at an increased risk for Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome, cerebellar degeneration, and cardiovascular dysfunction.

Can low thiamine cause depression?

Thiamine is an essential nutrient, while thiamine deficiency leads to a broad variety of disorders including irritability and symptoms of depression.

Who is more prone to thiamine deficiency?

Risk factors for thiamine deficiency 42 Most other cases of thiamine deficiency occur among alcoholics,28 postoperative bariatric surgery patients,55 or patients with advanced HIV infection/AIDS,56, 57 who tend to have low thiamine intakes or absorption and impaired thiamine utilization.

Why does thiamine deficiency cause cardiomyopathy?

Thiamine deficiency impairs production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), leading to accumulation of adenosine. This increase causes reduction in systemic vascular resistance via direct vasomotor depression, leading to a compensatory high-output state with increased blood volume.

How does thiamine deficiency affect cellular respiration?

Thiamine pyrophosphate, a thiamine derivative, is essential to the citric acid cycle and thiamine deficiency can result in impaired aerobic respiration and cellular energy production. Thiamine also plays an important role in the pentose phosphate pathway and other key metabolic processes.

Why do alcoholics have low thiamine?

Up to 80% of people with an addiction to alcohol develop thiamine deficiency. Heavy alcohol use causes inflammation of the stomach lining and digestive tract, which reduces the body’s ability to absorb vitamins. Poor dietary choices and a lack of nutrition also rob the body of essential vitamins.

Can low B1 cause anxiety?

Vitamin B1 is important for balancing blood sugar levels, which are a significant factor in anxiety levels.

Why is thiamine administered to treat mentally depressed?

In agreement with animal studies, vitamin B1 was also able to ameliorate symptoms of major depressive disorder in patients [4] or work stress-related mood swings [5]. Thus, thiamine was shown as a promising treatment for the depressive-like changes and excessive aggression, caused by stress.

Can low thiamine cause seizures?

Vitamin B1 deficiency (thiamine deficiency) was reported to cause seizures, especially in alcoholics. Vitamin B6 depletion (pyridoxine deficiency) was reported to be associated with pyridoxine-dependent seizures.

How is thiamine deficiency diagnosed?

In conjunction with whole blood or erythrocyte transketolase activity preloading and postloading, a thiamine loading test is the best indicator of thiamine deficiency. An increase of more than 15% in enzyme activity is a definitive marker of deficiency.

What is the pathophysiology of thiamine deficiency?

Therefore, the resulting impairment in the functioning of the thiamine–using enzymes primarily affects the cardiovascular and nervous systems. The classical manifestations of thiamine deficiency–related heart disease include increased blood flow through the vessels in the body, heart failure, and sodium and water retention in the blood.

How is thiamine deficiency treated in children?

Food fortification and maternal and/or infant thiamine supplementation have proven effective in raising thiamine status and reducing the incidence of infantile beriberi in regions where thiamine deficiency is prevalent, but trial data are limited.

How does alcohol consumption affect thiamine levels?

Impaired thiamine utilization: Magnesium, which is required for the binding of thiamine to thiamine-using enzymes within the cell, is also deficient due to chronic alcohol consumption. The inefficient utilization of any thiamine that does reach the cells will further exacerbate the thiamine deficiency.

What is thiamine and why is it important?

Thiamine is an essential micronutrient that plays a key role in energy metabolism. Many populations worldwide may be at risk of clinical or subclinical thiamine deficiencies, due to famine, reliance on staple crops with low thiamine content, or food preparation practices, such as milling grains and washing milled rice.