What is NKCC1?

NKCC1 is widely distributed throughout the human body; it has important functions in organs that secrete fluids. It is found specifically in the kidney, where it extracts sodium, potassium, and chloride from the urine so they can be reabsorbed into the blood.

Where is the Na +/ K +/ 2 Cl transporter found?

The Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2; BSC1) is located in the apical membrane of the epithelial cells of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (TAL). NKCC2 facilitates ∼20–25% of the reuptake of the total filtered NaCl load.

Is NKCC2 a ATPase?

A positive electrochemical potential is maintained in the lumen via apical renal outer medullary potassium channels sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporters (NKCC2), and the basolateral sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase (NaK-ATPase), which facilitates paracellular reabsorption of calcium, magnesium, and sodium.

How do loop diuretics work NKCC?

Loop diuretics act principally by blocking the luminal Na-K-2Cl transporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle; in other words, this transporter is the receptor for loop diuretics (15,31, 40, 42, 64, 69, 78, 80).

What is a cotransporter protein?

A cotransporter (symporter) is a carrier protein that allows the transport of two different species (a solute and an ion) from one side of the membrane to the other at the same time [44,45].

Where do thiazides work?

Thiazide diuretics are drugs that cause both natriuresis (removal of sodium in the urine) and diuresis. Thiazide diuretics work by blocking sodium and chloride (Na/Cl) channels in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron and inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and water.

What is cotransport example?

An example is the Na+/glucose cotransporter (SGLT), which couples the movement of Na+ into the cell down its electrochemical gradient to the movement of glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient. Cotransport is also commonly referred to as symport.

What is Cotransportation?

: the coupled transport of chemical substances across a cell membrane in which the energy required to move a substance (such as glucose) against a gradient in concentration or in electrical potential is provided by the movement of another substance (such as a sodium ion) along its gradient in concentration or in …

What is the difference between NKCC1 and NKCC2?

NKCC1 is widely distributed throughout the human body; it has important functions in organs that secrete fluids. NKCC2 is found specifically in the kidney, where it serves to extract sodium, potassium, and chloride from the urine so that they can be reabsorbed into the blood .

Why is the isoform NKCC2F preferred in the thick ascending limb?

The isoform F is more predominant in the deeper portion of the thick ascending limb, where the sodium concentration is very high. NKCC2F is the isoform with the lowest affinity for sodium and this allows the cotransporter to work at this sodium rich environment.

What is the difference between SLC12A2 and NKCC1?

In humans there are two isoforms of this membrane transport protein, NKCC1 and NKCC2, encoded by two different genes ( SLC12A2 and SLC12A1 respectively). Two isoforms of the NKCC1/Slc12a2 gene result from keeping (isoform 1) or skipping (isoform 2) exon 21 in the final gene product.

What is the stoichiometry of the transported solutes in NKCC proteins?

Because they move each solute in the same direction, NKCC proteins are considered symporters. They maintain electroneutrality by moving two positively charged solutes (sodium and potassium) alongside two parts of a negatively charged solute (chloride). Thus the stoichiometry of the transported solutes is 1Na:1K:2Cl.