What is the mereological theory of identity?

According to Plato, Heraclitus maintains that nothing retains its identity for any time at all: Plato’s interpretation requires that Heraclitus held what might be called the Mereological Theory of Identity (MTI), i.e., the view that the identity of an object depends on the identity of its component parts.

What is Platonic Essentialism?

Essentialism is the view that objects have a set of attributes that are necessary to their identity. In early Western thought, Plato’s idealism held that all things have such an “essence”—an “idea” or “form”.

What is a mereological simple?

In contemporary mereology, a simple is any thing that has no proper parts. Simples are to be contrasted with atomless gunk (where something is “gunky” if it is such that every proper part has a further proper part).

What is mereological reductionism?

Mereological reductionism is a doctrine to say that the whole can be reduced to the parts. But the mereological reductionist encounters at least two serious objections. One is dilemma style objection, and the other is so-called sinkhole objection.

What is Mereological universalism?

Mereological universalism—hereafter universalism—is the thesis that necessarily, any (material) objects whatsoever compose another (material) object. But if universalism is true, there is something composed by the Taj Mahal, the Stanley Cup, and Michael Jackson’s nose.

How does Plato explain ship of Theseus?

The ship of Theseus, also known as Theseus’ paradox, is a thought experiment that raises the question of whether an object that has had all of its components replaced remains fundamentally the same object. The paradox is most notably recorded by Plutarch in Life of Theseus from the late first century.

What is ethical essentialism?

Ethical Essentialism (or Moral Absolutism) is the claim that some things are wrong in an essential or absolute sense, breaking a universal, objective and natural moral law and not merely an adventitious, socially or ethically constructed one.

What are the 5 types of essentialism?

Innate or given essences sort objects naturally into species or kinds (natural kinds). The resulting categories are eternal, unchanging, stable, and universal.

Who introduced the idea of Eliminative materialism?

James Cornman
The term “eliminative materialism” was first introduced by James Cornman in 1968 while describing a version of physicalism endorsed by Rorty. The later Ludwig Wittgenstein was also an important inspiration for eliminativism, particularly with his attack on “private objects” as “grammatical fictions”.

Do simples exist?

There are only fundamental physical simples spatially arranged and causally interrelated in such a way as to jointly cause perceptual faculties like ours to have table-like perceptual experiences. Nihilists often abbreviate claims like this one as follows: there are fundamental physical simples arranged table-wise.

What is gunk in philosophy?

In mereology, an area of philosophical logic, the term gunk applies to any whole whose parts all have further proper parts. That is, a gunky object is not made of indivisible atoms or simples. Because parthood is transitive, any part of gunk is itself gunk. If nihilism is necessarily true, then gunk is impossible.

Is proper Parthood Irreflexive?

Parthood is thus neither reflexive nor irreflexive. Parthood is thus neither reflexive nor irreflexive.

What is the difference between essentialism and Mereological essentialism?

Essentiality can be explained by referencing necessity and/or possible worlds. Mereological essentialism is then the thesis that objects have their parts necessarily or objects have their parts in every possible world in which the object exists.

What is essentialism in education?

In education, essentialism is an educational philosophy or approach which assumes and proposes that all children should learn the traditional disciplines and basic essential subjects thoroughly and equally.

Is there a mereological essentialism for perduring objects?

Michael Jubien and Mark Heller defend mereological essentialism for perduring objects. There are several arguments for mereological essentialism. Some are more formal; others use mereological essentialism as a solution to various philosophical puzzles or paradoxes. (This approach is mentioned in Olson (2006).)

Is mereological essentialism true for material concrete objects?

In the case of material concrete objects, mereological essentialism can be true in different senses depending on how objects are thought to persist through time. The two prominent, competing models are endurantism and perdurantism. It is important to note that neither endurantism nor perdurantism imply mereological essentialism.

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