What is the rationale of combining Lopinavir and Ritonavir?

Lopinavir/ritonavir combines two drugs in one pill. Both drugs are from a class of drugs known as protease inhibitors. The drug ritonavir increases or ‘boosts’ the level of lopinavir. Your doctor will prescribe lopinavir/ritonavir as part of your HIV treatment, along with antiretrovirals from another class of drugs.

Why is lopinavir boosted with ritonavir?

In lopinavir–ritonavir, the low dose of ritonavir inhibits cytochrome CYP3A4-mediated lopinavir metabolism and the P-glycoprotein efflux pump, thereby providing effective lopinavir plasma exposure. Pharmacological and therapeutic properties of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor therapy in HIV-infected patients.

Why is ritonavir combined with other protease inhibitors?

Abstract. The pharmacokinetics of protease inhibitors center around the microsomal enzyme cytochrome P-450 3A4. As a potent inhibitor of this enzyme, ritonavir can increase the bioavailability and half-life of coadministered protease inhibitors.

What enzyme does ritonavir inhibit?

Ritonavir is a HIV protease inhibitor routinely prescribed to HIV patients that also potently inactivates cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4), the major human drug-metabolizing enzyme. By inhibiting CYP3A4, ritonavir increases plasma concentrations of other anti-HIV drugs oxidized by CYP3A4 thereby improving clinical efficacy.

What is lopinavir 200 mg used for?

Lopinavir / Ritonavir tablets is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral medicinal products for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infected adults, adolescents and children above the age of 2 years.

What company makes lopinavir?

As one of the first pharmaceutical companies to respond to the emerging novel coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis, in late January, AbbVie donated a supply of Kaletra/Aluvia (lopinavir/ritonavir) to the Chinese health authorities for use as an experimental treatment option.

What is Lopinavir used for?

The combination of lopinavir and ritonavir is used with other medications to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Lopinavir and ritonavir are in a class of medications called protease inhibitors. They work by decreasing the amount of HIV in the blood.

What company makes Lopinavir?

Is ritonavir an enzyme inducer or inhibitor?

Data synthesis: Ritonavir is a well-known inhibitor of the metabolism of numerous medications that are substrates of the CYP3A and CYP2D6 pathways. It also exhibits a biphasic, time-dependent effect on P-glycoprotein of inhibition followed by induction.

What is boosted protease inhibitor?

Description of the intervention. Protease inhibitors are a class of ARV drugs that block the protein assembly stages of HIV viral replication. They are recognized as potent suppressors of HIV replication, with a high genetic barrier to the emergence of drug resistance.

What are the side effects of Lopinavir?

Diarrhea, headache, nausea, vomiting, stomach upset, drowsiness, dizziness, a bad taste in the mouth, and trouble sleeping may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

Does lopinavir/ritonavir interact with other medications?

Lopinavir/ritonavir: a review of its use in the management of HIV infection Coformulated lopinavir/ritonavir has the potential to interact with wide variety of drugs via several mechanisms, mostly involving the CYP enzymes.

What are the pharmacodynamic properties of lopinavir/ritonavir?

Overview of pharmacodynamic properties: Lopinavir/ritonavir is a coformulation of two structurally related protease inhibitor (PI) antiretroviral agents. Lopinavir is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of the HIV type 1 (HIV-1) protease, an essential enzyme for production of mature, infective virus.

Is coformulated lopinavir/ritonavir an effective treatment for HIV-1 infection?

Conclusion: Coformulated lopinavir/ritonavir is a novel PI that, in combination with other antiretroviral agents, suppresses plasma viral load and enhances immunological status in therapy-naive and -experienced patients with HIV-1 infection.

Is lopinavir/ritonavir associated with elevated triglycerides?

Although laboratory abnormalities occurred with similar frequency in both treatment groups, triglycerides grade 3/4 elevations were significantly more frequent with lopinavir/ritonavir. Total cholesterol and triglycerides grade 3/4 elevations appear to occur more frequently in PI-experienced than in PI-naive lopinavir/ritonavir-treated patients.