How much does flue gas desulfurization cost?

Total capital costs vary from $60 to $100/kw and $94 to $145/kw, respectively, for the limestone and sodium solution scrubbing systems for this model plant. Higher capital costs are often required for application of FGD systems to existing plants than for application to sim- ilar new plants.

What is flue gas desulfurization system?

Flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) is a set of technologies used to remove sulfur dioxide (SO. 2. ) from exhaust flue gases of fossil-fuel power plants, and from the emissions of other sulfur oxide emitting processes such as waste incineration.

Why flue gas desulfurization is required?

In many plants it is necessary to remove sulfur from the flue gases after the combustion process to meet environmental requirements. For this reason FGD is widely used to control emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfur trioxide (SO3) from plants burning coals with high sulfur contents.

Which solid is used in flue gas desulfurization?

Flue gas desulfurisation gypsum (FGD Gypsum) is a solid residue recovered from the gas treatment process for sulfur dioxide removal using lime or limestone.

Why is FGD required?

Implementation of FGD systems are mandatory as the Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) notification to curb SOx emissions in both existing and upcoming thermal power plants.

How much does a wet scrubber cost?

The average cost per kWh for installing scrubbers does not vary much. However, the individual cost variation is much greater. For one site having three small boilers (182 MW each) and burning coal containing a 6.2 percent sulfur, the cost of installing and operating scrubbers was 1.72 cents per kWh.

Where is flue gas desulfurization used?

Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems: Scrubbers They are used in coal-and-oil fired combustion units including utility and industrial boilers, municipal and medical waste incinerators, petroleum refineries, cement and lime kilns, metal smelters, and sulphuric acid plants.

What is Isflue desulfurization?

Flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) is the removal process of sulfur dioxide (SO2) from flue gas emissions, often chemically. Sulfur dioxide in gases is produced by the combustion of fossil fuels and many industrial processes such as gasoline refining as well as cement, paper, glass, steel, iron and copper production.

How effective is flue gas desulfurization?

Flue gas desulfurization systems (FGD) or scrubbers are devices capable of sulfur removal efficiencies between 50% to 98%. Typically the highest removal is achieved by wet scrubbers and the lowest by dry scrubbers.

What pollutants do Wet scrubbers remove?

Packed-Bed wet scrubbers are used to control: Inorganic fumes, vapors, and gases (e.g., chromic acid, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, chlorides, fluorides, and SO 2) – Inorganic fumes, vapors and gases are the primary pollutants controlled by Packed-Bed wet scrubbers.

How much does a carbon scrubber cost?

After a detailed comparison, the research team concluded that the cost of removal from air is likely to be on the order of $1,000 per ton of carbon dioxide, compared with $50 to $100 per ton for current power-plant scrubbers.